ᴛᴇᴄʜɴᴏғᴜɴ

Text Book(s)
T1 Larman, C., Applying UML and Patterns, Pearson Education, 3rd Ed., 2005.
T2 Erich Gamma et al., Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software, 1994
Question 3)(i)
Online Mobile Recharge
Problem Statement:
End users: 
Service Provider:
User:
  There are 2 categories in the user Module:
• Registered User
• Visitor
Draw a Collaboration Diagram for the above case study clearly showing the Classes, Numbering of communications and relationships.
Answer)

IMPORTANT NOTE: In the question, only Collaboration Diagram is asked. Other diagrams are for reference.
Use-Case Diagram
Actors vs Use Cases:
User
•Register.
•Recharge.
•Select Payment Gateway.
•Select Service Provider.
•Make payment.

Third Party Administrator
•Forward User request to Service Provider.
•Track Complaints.

Third Party Server/ Database
•Authenticate the Registered users.
•Maintain the Log.

Service Provider
•Recharge the user requested either directly or through the third party system.
•Provide various plans to the user.

Online Mobile Recharge UML Use case Diagram:


Sequence Diagram
Sequence Diagram for a user to recharge his account through the third-party site:

Collaboration Diagram
Collaboration diagram for a user to recharge his account through the third-party site:

Class Diagram
Classes Identified:

• User: Registered, Visitor
• Third Party System Administrator
• Third Party Server/ Database
• Service Provider
• Direct or Non- Third Party User (Direct access through Service Provider Site)

Activity Diagram
Activities:

• User login and authentication for the Registered user.
• Forward the request to service provider if logged in as an Administrator.
• Enter service provider site for a direct user.
• Enter recharge amount.
• Select Payment Gateway.
• Login and authenticate Bank Account.
• Make payment.
• Check for the recharge processed successfully or not.

Draw a UML Activity diagram clearly showing the interaction of Customer, Customer Browser, Google App, Google ACS Service, Identity provider for the Google Apps described below:
 Single Sign-On (SSO) for Google Apps
Purpose:
  An example of a UML activity diagram which describes Single Sign-On (SSO) to Google Apps for customers using some hosted Google application, such as Gmail.
Summary:
When a user tries to use some hosted Google app, such as Gmail, Google generates a (SAML) verification request and sends a redirect request back to the user's browser. Redirect points to the exact identity provider. SAML verification request contains the encrypted URL of the Google application that the user is trying to reach.
  Google acts as a service provider with services such as Gmail or Start Pages. Partner companies work as identifiers and control other passwords, passwords, and passwords used for identifying, authenticating and authorizing users for Google's Web applications. Each partner also provides Google with its SSO URL as well as a public key that Google will use to verify SAML
responses.

Answer: UML Activity diagram:
UML describe the structure, boundary, and behavior of the system as well as objects within it. It's not a programming language but there are tools which can be used to generate code in various languages.

Question4)(i) 
Factory Pattern: Explain through examples.
Answer )
Example:
The factory method allows an interface to create objects but the sub-classes can select which groups are immediate. Injection molding presses display this pattern. The manufacturers of plastic toys process plastic molding powder and inject plastic into the mold of desired shapes.

Question4)(ia)
How does the Factory Method Pattern fit in with other patterns/methods?
Answer ) 
  Factory classes are useful when you need a complicated process for building the object when the creation need a reliance that you do not want for the real class when you need to construct different objects etc.
  It is a good idea to use factory methods inside the object when:

• Object's class doesn't know what exact sub-classes it has to create
• Object's class is designed so that the objects it creates were specified by sub-classes
• Object's class delegates its duties to auxiliary sub-classes and doesn't know what exact class will take these duties
• The Factory Method allows these other patterns to defer instantiation to sub classes. One practices the Factory way to defer responsibility to sub class objects. 

Answer)
Cohesion means 'sticking together' and a factory is a method, an object, or anything else that is used to instantiate other objects. It helps to keep together both the functionality and the instruction that determines which objects should be built and/or managed under different circumstances.

Question4)(ic) 
Factories also help in testing. In what ways is this true?
Answer )

• The using objects should act in exactly the similar way with any set of derivatives present. It should not test every possible combination, because it can test each piece individually. No matter how they are combined, the system will work in the same manner.
• The advantage is that it can yield the same instance multiple times, or can return a subclass rather than an object of that exact type.

Why Decorator Design Pattern is better than Adapter Design Pattern while handling Interfaces?
Answer)

• Adapter pattern alters interface, Decorator pattern doesn't alter interface, it just implements the unique object's interface, so that it can be passed to a method, which receives an original object.
• Adapter delivers a different interface to its subject. Decorator delivers an enhanced interface.
• An adapter is destined to change the interface of an existing object. Decorator enhances another object without changing its interface. A decorator is thus more transparent to the application than an adapter is. As a significance, Decorator supports recursive composition, which isn't possible with pure Adapters

Question5.(e) 
How does the Façade and Adapter Design Pattern make use of Interfaces?

• Facade describes a new interface, whereas Adapter reprocesses an old interface.
• Facade design pattern neither translates interfaces nor adds new functionality, instead it just deliver simpler interfaces. So instead of client nonstop accessing single components of a system, it uses facade. Facade design pattern agrees client interact with the difficult system with a much simpler interface and less work
• The facade will then call individual components.

Question
AC001. Which of the following does not belong to OOAD?
Select one:
a. Swim lane diagram
b. Fully dressed use case
c. State transition diagram
d. Domain model

The correct answer is: Fully dressed use case

Question 
CA019 A boundary class is an analysis class that represents _____.
Select one:
a. the user interface or Presentation layer of a system
b. the interface between the client and middleware tiers in a system
c. an intermediary or interface to something outside the system
d. an API that is supplied by a third-party vendor and used to integrate with an external system

The correct answer is: an intermediary or interface to something outside the system

Question
STQ102 Which phase of unified process model focuses over system conversions and user training?
Select one:
a. Inception
b. Construction
c. Elaboration
d. Transition

The correct answer is: Transition

Question 
JNQ109. When acceptance testing is performed in Agile development?
Select one:
a. At the end of each iteration
b. After system is ready
c. Daily
d. On request of customer

The correct answer is: At the end of each iteration

Question 
SKQ106 An object is considered an external entity in object-oriented modelling
Select one:
a. its attributes change during operation of the system
b. it has no attributes relevant to the system
c. its attributes are invariant during operation of the system
d. it has numerous attributes

The correct answer is: its attributes are invariant during operation of the system

Question 
CA009 Which of the following is a technique for hiding the internal implementation details of an object?
Select one:
a. Abstraction
b. Encapsulation
c. Inheritance
d. Polymorphism

The correct answer is: Encapsulation

Question 
CA017 What are the components of a structured class?
Select one:
a. ports, roles, and threads
b. roles, ports, and connectors
c. attributes, roles, and ports
d. messages, connectors, and roles

The correct answer is: roles, ports, and connectors

Question 
MDQ102 The three types of relationships use cases have in a use case diagram include?
Select one:
a. Elaboration, generalization, boundarization
b. Inclusion, representation, realization
c. Extension, representation, elaboration
d. Extension, inclusion, and generalization

The correct answer is: Extension, inclusion, and generalization

Question 
VVKQ105 Attributes are assigned value
Select one:
a. When methods are invoked
b. When instances of objects are defined
c. When operations are performed on an object
d. When classes are identified

The correct answer is: When instances of objects are defined

Question 
JNQ104. Which of the following UML diagrams has a static view?
Select one:
a. Activity
b. State chart
c. Collaboration
d. Use case

The correct answer is: Use case

Question 
CA035 The designing phase includes the following activities, EXCEPT
Select one:
a. Designing the user interface
b. Designing the application architecture
c. Designing the project team
d. Designing and integrating the network

The correct answer is: Designing the project team

Question 
CA030 A class is
Select one:
a. template for objects of a particular type
b. a class of objects
c. a classification of objects
d. a group of objects

The correct answer is: template for objects of a particular type

Question 
SKQ103 What type of core-relationship is represented by the symbol in the figure below?
relationship symbols

Select one:
a. Dependency
b. Aggregation
c. Association
d. Generalization

The correct answer is: Aggregation

Question 
AE002) Attach additional responsibilities to an object dynamically.It provides a flexible alternative to subclassing for extending functionality.
Select one:
a. Adapter
b. Composite
c. Chain of responsibility
d. Decorator

The correct answer is: Decorator

Question 
AE003) Define a family of algorithms, encapsulate each one, and make them interchangeable. It lets the algorithm vary independently from clients that use it.
Select one:
a. Template method
b. Strategy
c. Decorator
d. Visitor

The correct answer is: Strategy

Question 
UMQ103. Which of the following process model is best suited for developing object-oriented systems?
Select one:
a. Unified Process model
b. Prototype model
c. Waterfall model
d. Spiral model

The correct answer is: Unified Process model

Question 
CA039 Which of the following relationships are used in a use-case diagram?
Select one:
a. Communication
b. ALL given choices
c. Extends
d. Uses

The correct answer is: ALL given choices

Question 
SHQ105. Which of these are the heuristics ?
Select one:
a. Stick to binary associations
b. Name classes, attributes, and roles with noun phrases
c. All of the mentioned
d. Name operations and associations with verb phrases

The correct answer is: All of the mentioned

Question 
CA023 The essential characteristics of an object that distinguish it from all other kinds of objects and thus provide crisply defined conceptual boundaries, relative to the perspective of the viewer is called
Select one:
a. Encapsulation
b. Hierarchy
c. Modularity
d. Abstraction

The correct answer is: Abstraction

Question 
JNQ103. Product backlog is prioritized by
Select one:
a. Product owner
b. Scrum master
c. All the given options
d. Scrum team

The correct answer is: Product owner

Question 
CA008 constructor operation does which of the following?
Select one:
a. Updates an existing instance of a class
b. Creates a new instance of a class
c. Deletes and existing instance of a class
d. All of the given choices.

The correct answer is: Creates a new instance of a class

Question 
VIDQ105 The most common way to depict the functional model is by using the______________?
Select one:
a. Diagrams?
b. Tables?
c. Flowcharts?
d. DFD!

The correct answer is: DFD!

Question 
CA015 During analysis an architect is concerned about _____.
Select one:
a. implementation
b. behavioral
c. technology
d. deployment

The correct answer is: behavioral

Question 
CA027 Inheritance in object-oriented modelling can be used to
Select one:
a. generalize classes
b. specialize classes
c. generalize and specialize classes
d. create newclasses

The correct answer is: generalize and specialize classes

Question.
A tagged value extends the --------------- of a UML building block.
Select one:
a. Definition
b. Properties
c. Vocabulary
d. Semantics

Answer: Properties

Question.
The object act and react in state change and message passing, this is knows as ---------
Select one:
a. State of an object
b. None of the given options
c. Behaviour
d. Parameter passing

Answer: Behaviour

Question.
Which of the following is not one of the elements of a design pattern?
Select one:
a. Context
b. Problem
c. Solution
d. Environment

Answer: Solution

Question.
Which of the following is not true
Select one:
a. Controller is a kind of Facade pattern
b. A controller object can handle multiple system events
c. A controller object helps identify out of sequence events
d. Controller pattern is used to control data

Answer: Controller pattern is used to control data

Question.
Given the following scenario: You want to create families of related objects, to be used interchangeably to configure you application. What is the most appropriate GoF pattern to use?
Select one:
a. Observer
b. Builder
c. Chain of Responsibility
d. Abstract Factory

Answer: Abstract Factory

Question.
______ provide an interface for creating families of related or dependent objects without specifying their concrete classes.
Select one:
a. Fabrication
b. Abstracct Factory
c. Singleton
d. Factory Method

Answer: Abstract Factory

Question.
Which of the following is the first step in user interface design process?
Select one:
a. prototype the dialogue and the user interface
b. chart the dialogue
c. none of the given options
d. test the dialogue
e. re-design the dialogue

Answer: chart the dialogue

Question.
Which of the following are the efforts to the Systems Construction Phase?
Select one:
a. documentation
b. redesigned business processes
c. physical design specifications
d. design prototypes
e. all of the given options.

Answer: all of the given options

Question.
A package diagram consists of the following?
Select one:
a) Package symbols
b) Groupings of Use cases, classes, components
c) Interface
d)  both a and b

Answer:  both a and b [According to Bits- Answer is Interface but as per other sources answer is both a and b ]

Question.
Which of the following pattern creates object without revealing the creation logic to the user and refer to newly formed object using a common interface?
Select one:
a. Factory Pattern
b. Transfer Object Pattern
c. Abstract Factory Pattern
d. Singleton Pattern

Answer: Factory Pattern

Question.
Which of the following is not true
Select one:
a. High coupling leads to high change impact
b. High coupling makes it harder to reuse
c. High coupling makes the design easy to understand
d. High coupling means higher reliance on other objects

Answer: High coupling makes the design easy to understand

Question.
Which of the following is(are) the deliverables of the Systems Implementation phase?
Select one:
a. operational system
b. physical design specification
c. functional system
d. training materials

Answer: operational system

Question.
Which of the following are the primary inputs into the job of writing and testing fresh programs?
Select one:
a. both A and C
b. B database structure
c. A programming plan
d. D integration requirements
e. C test data

Answer: both A and C

Question.
Which of the following instruction-driven interfaces allows a customer to enter a question about a given product?
Select one:
a. mnemonic
b. textual
c. language-based
d. natural language
e. none of the given options

Answer: natural language

Question.
Most user interface design patterns fall with in one of ____ categories of patterns.
Select one:
a. 10
b. 5
c. 25
d. 100

Answer: 10

Question.
Which design pattern defines one-to-many dependency among objects?
Select one:
a. Facade Pattern
b. Observer pattern
c. Singleton pattern
d. Factory method pattern

Answer: Observer pattern

Question.
In a System sequence diagram, life lines are depicted as
Select one:
a. Bars
b. Horizontal arrows from actors to system.
c. Object classes
d. Dashed vertical lines extended downwards

Answer: Dashed vertical lines extended downwards

Question.
Which diagram depicts classes that correspond to software components that are used to build the software application?
Select one:
a. design class
b. state transition
c. sequence
d. none of the given options
e. state machine

Answer: design class

Question.
The messages of a Use case can be graphically depicted using
Select one:
a. Activity diagram
b. System sequence diagram
c. Composite diagram
d. Logical use case

Answer: System sequence diagram

Question.
Describe an interface for making an object, but let the subclasses decide which class to instantiate. It lets the instantiation vary to subclasses.
Select one:
a. Prototype
b. Builder
c. Factory Method
d. Abstract Factory

Answer: Abstract Factory

Question.
The recurring aspects of designs are called?
Select one:
a. Patterns
b. Structures
c. Documents
d. Methods

Answer: Patterns

Question.
MVC is a three layer architecture that contains a
Select one:
a. model, view, and controller
b. machine, view, content objects
c. machine, view, controller
d. model, view, and content objects

Answer: model, view, and controller

Question.
Subtypes must be substitutable for their base types, is suggested by
Select one:
a. LSP
b. OCP
c. DIP
d. SRP

Answer: LSP

Question.
Which of the following UML diagrams has a static view?
Select one:
a. State chart
b. Collaboration
c. Activity
d. Use case

Answer: Use case

Question.
Physical relationship between software components and the hardware in the delivered system can be shown by which diagrams?
Select one:
a. Deployment diagram
b. Class diagram
c. Domain model
d. Network diagram
e. Component diagram

Answer: Deployment diagram

Question.
A link is a subset of
Select one:
a. Realization
b. Generalization
c. Dependency
d. Association

Answer: Association

Question.
The process of grouping the elements of an abstraction that constitute its structure and behavior is called as
Select one:
a. Encapsulation
b. Entity Abstraction
c. Modularity
d. Hierarchy

Answer: Entity Abstraction

Question.
A class is divided into which of these compartments?
Select one:
a. Name Compartment
b. All of the mentioned
c. Attribute Compartment
d. Operation Compartment

Answer: All of the mentioned

Question.
Which of the following is(are) the UML level of visibility?
Select one:
a. both B and C
b. all A and B and C
c. A persistent
d. B public
e. C protected

Answer: both B and C

Question.
Which model depicts the image of a system that an end user creates in his or her head?
Select one:
a. design model
b. user model
c. system perception
d. system model

Answer: system perception

Question.
What is main benifit of Indirection?
Select one:
a. Lower cohesion
b. More number of small classes
c. Higher copuling
d. Lower coupling

Answer: Lower coupling

Question.
Which one of the tests is performed on a subset of a program?
Select one:
a. program test
b. unit test
c. stub test
d. subset test
e. system test

Answer: stub test

Question.
Which of these depicts the true definition for the UML extensions?
Select one:
a. A property is a characteristic of the entity designated by a model element
b. A constraint is the statement that must be true of the entities designated by one or more model elements
c. A stereotype is a UML model element given more specific meaning
d. All of the mentioned

Answer: All of the mentioned

Question.
Which of the following is the last phase of the Systems Construction phase?
Select one:
a. none of the given options
b. build and test databases
c. build and test networks
d. write and test new programs
e. prepare conversion plan

Answer: write and test new programs

Question
Which of the following is(are) the task(s) of the Systems Conversion phase?
Select one:
a. prepare conversion plan
b. convert to new system
c. build and test networks
d. train users
e. none of the given options

Answer: build and test networks

Question.
Which design pattern ensures that only one object of particular class gets created?
Select one:
a. Observer Pattern
b. Strategy Pattern
c. Singleton Pattern
d. Facade Pattern

Answer: Singleton Pattern

Question.
Which of the following is not true regarding Facade pattern
Select one:
a. Provides simpler interface
b. Hides complexity
c. Exposes implementation details
d. Improves maintainability

Answer: Exposes implementation details

Question.
Which kind of menu is planned primarily for expert users as there is no visual clue to its presence?
Select one:
a. options Cascading
b. pull-down
c. Iconic
d. Pop-up
e. none of the given

Answer: Pop-up

Question.
Which of the tests is a last system test executed by end users using real data over an extended period of time?
Select one:
a. final test
b. parallel test
c. systems acceptance test
d. complete test
e. none of the given options

Answer: systems acceptance test

Question.
Which GRASP pattern helps to find out answer for "Who should be responsible for creating a new instance of some class?"?
Select one:
a. Creator
b. Fabircation
c. Adapter
d. Protected Vairation

Answer: Creator

Question.
Define one to many dependency among objects so that after one object changes state, all its dependents are alerted and updated automatically.
Select one:
a. Mediator
b. Chain of responsibility
c. Event Notification
d. Observer

Answer: Observer

Question.
A general purpose mechanism for organizing elements into groups
Select one:
a. Package
b. Component
c. Node
d. Class

Answer: Package

Question.
A Patter language
Select one:
a. None of the given options
b. Is implemented using hyper text
c. Encompasses a collection of patterns
d. Resembles the structure of natural language

Answer: Encompasses a collection of patterns

Question.
A class is divided into which of these compartments?
Select one:
a. Name Compartment
b. Operation Compartment
c. All of the mentioned
d. Attribute Compartment

Answer: All of the mentioned

Question.
In object oriented approach, objects are
Select one:
a. Discrete
b. Both Identical and Discrete
c. None
d. Identical

Answer: Discrete

Question.
A Relationship between use cases and collaborations can be viewed as
Select one:
a. Association
b. Generalization
c. Realization
d. Link

Answer: Realization

Question.
The person generally responsible for the program design strategy, standards, and construction is called a(n):
Select one:
a. systems analyst
b. backup chief programmer
c. chief programmer
d. network designer
e. program librarian

Answer: chief programmer

Question.
Which of these framework events are not normally associated with the user interface design processes?
Select one:
a. user and task analysis
b. interface validation
c. interface construction
d. cost estimation

Answer: cost estimation

Question.
When we want to replace a class with another class which is more efficient but has a different interface, which pattern comes handy?
Select one:
a. Strategy
b. Composite
c. Facade
d. Adaptor

Answer: Adaptor

Question.
The humans cope with the complexity in a fundamental way using ________
Select one:
a. Object
b. Class
c. Encapsulation
d. Abstraction

Answer: Abstraction

Question.
Which of the below instruction-driven interfaces is constructed everywhere a broadly known command language that can be used by the customer to invoke actions?
Select one:
a. a command-control syntax
b. none of the given options
c. a language-based syntax
d. a mnemonic syntax
e. a natural language syntax

Answer: a language-based syntax

Question.
An observer pattern does not involve
Select one:
a. Observing changes
b. Notifying changes / events to observers
c. Keeping track of all observers
d. Analyzing observers

Answer: Analyzing observers

Question.
Which of the following is NOT a tool that can be used for discovering class behaviors and responsibilities?
Select one:
a. class diagram
b. none of the given options
c. sequence diagram
d. CRC card
e. interface diagram

Answer: interface diagram

Question.
Which mechanism is applied to use a design pattern in an OO system?
Select one:
a. None of the mentioned
b. Composition
c. All of the mentioned
d. Inheritance

Answer: All of the mentioned

Question.
Ensure a class has only one instance, and provide a global access point to it.
Select one:
a. Proxy
b. Flyweight
c. Singleton
d. Single Class Factory

Answer: Singleton

Question.
Which design pattern would decide mismatched interfaces or provide a steady interface to similar components with different interfaces?
Select one:
a. Mediator
b. Visitor
c. Adapter
d. Controller

Answer: Adapter

Question.
Which among these are the rules to be considered to form Class diagrams?
Select one:
a. Attributes and operations can be listed at any suitable place
b. Compartment can be in random order
c. None of the mentioned
d. Class symbols must have at least a name compartment

Answer: Class symbols must have at least a name compartment

Question.
Which of the following is(are) human engineering guideline(s)?
Select one:
a. The system user should always be aware of what to do next.
b. Anticipate the errors users might make.
c. All of the given options
d. Users should not be allowed to proceed without correcting an error.
e. Use display attributes sparingly.

Answer: All of the given options

Question.
Which of the following is not included on a design class diagram?
Select one:
a. navigability
b. dependencies
c. methods with parameters
d. classes
e. entities

Answer: entities

Question.
The view which addresses the configuration management of the system’s releases.
Select one:
a. Implementation
b. Use case
c. Design
d. Process

Answer: Use case

Question.
Given classes A and B, which of the following is not a common type of coupling in object-oriented software?
Select one:
a. A invokes methods of B
b. A method parameter or local variable in A references B
c. A has an instance variable that refers to B
d. None of the given options
e. A is a direct or an indirect subclass of B

Answer: A is a direct or an indirect subclass of B

Question.
Which of the following is important in user interface design?
Select one:
a. D test the system on a limited number of actual users
b. both A and B
c. A practice iterative design
d. C use automated tools in designing user interface
e. B understand your users and their tasks

Answer: both A and B

Question.
Which one of the following mechanisms is used to implement generalization?
Select one:
a. Encapsulation
b. Abstraction
c. Polymorphism
d. Inheritance

Answer: Inheritance

Question.
With respect to the tone of a dialogue, which of the following should not be used?
Select one:
a. use simple, grammatically correct sentences
b. use abbreviations so that users can read them more quickly
c. be consistent in the use of terminology
d. use simple term
e. use appropriate action verbs

Answer: use abbreviations so that users can read them more quickly

Question.
Which of the following diagram is time oriented?
Select one:
a. Collaboration
b. Activity
c. Sequence
d. None of the given options

Answer: Sequence

Question.
Who will test the system in agile development?
Select one:
a. Business Analyst
b. Developer
c. All the given options
d. software tester

Answer: All the given options

Question.
Arrange the following scrum practices according to the order in which they are carried out. 1. Sprint 2. Daily scrum meet 3. Sprint review meet 4. Sprint retrospective meet 5. Sprint planning
Select one:
a. 5 1 2 3 4
b. 5 4 2 3 1
c. 5 1 2 4 3
d. 5 2 1 3 4

Answer: 5 1 2 3 4

Question.
The fact that  similar operation may be applied to two or more classes is named what
Select one:
a. Polymorphism
b. Encapsulation
c. Multiple classification
d. Inheritance

Answer: Polymorphism

Question.
Multiplicity is the same as what concept for an ERD?
Select one:
a. Attribute
b. Entity
c. Cardinality
d. Relationship

Answer: Cardinality

Question.
During Use Case Analysis, which UML diagrams should you use when allocating use-case behavior to classes?
Select one:
a. sequence and communication diagrams
b. sequence and activity diagrams
c. class and composite structure diagrams
d. use-case and activity diagrams

Answer: sequence and communication diagrams

Question.
The object-oriented development life cycle is which of the following?
Select one:
a. Analysis, design, and implementation steps in the given specific order and using multiple iterations.
b. Analysis, design, and implementation steps in the given order and using the steps not more than one time.
c. Analysis, design, and implementation steps in any random order and using multiple iterations.
d. Analysis, design, and implementation steps in any order and using the steps no more than one time.

Answer: Analysis, design, and implementation steps in the given order and using multiple iterations.

Question.
Noun-Phrase Approach and CRC Approach are used to identify
Select one:
a. collaborators
b. classes
c. objects
d. Use cases

Answer: classes

Question.
Which of the following statements is true about use-case realization?
Select one:
a. It is created by the System Analyst.
b. It lists the different steps performed by a use-case.
c. Its creation is part of the Requirements discipline.
d. It provides traceability from Analysis and Design back to requirements.

Answer: It provides traceability from Analysis and Design back to requirements.

Question.
The vertical dimension of a sequence diagram represents
Select one:
a. messages
b. time
c. objects
d. lines

Answer: time

SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:

CREATOR
•    This pattern generally avoids adding the coupling to a design.
•    When creation is a complex process or varies depending upon an input, often you’ll want to create using a different class implementing the GoF pattern Concrete Factory or Abstract Factory.

INFORMATION EXPERT
•    This is a general principle and probably the most used of any GRASP pattern.
•    This generally is key to loose coupling and high cohesion, but not always so. – Imagine a case where it is better to do better handheld data to preserve a large functional segmentation and support consolidation.
•    We're fully talking about the information organized by software objects, but if there are no relevant software classes, try the domain model.

LOW COUPLING
•    The higher coupling can lead to:
– More difficulty in understanding
– Changes propagating excessively
– More obstacles to code reuse
•    Less coupling often goes into the hands with a high cohesion
•    Consider this principle with every design decision.

CONTROLLER
•    The controller in the Model‐View‐Controller (MVC) architecture is effectively the same thing. – This, or its variation Model‐View‐Presenter, is frequently used in web applications

HIGH COHESION
•    Very similar to Low Coupling
– Often related (but not always)
– Should be considered in every design decision.
•    Lower cohesion almost always means:
•    Low cohesion suggests that more delegation should be used.

POLYMORPHISM
•    With respect to implementation, this usually means the use of a super (parent) class or interface – Coding to an interface is generally preferred and avoids committing to a particular class hierarchy.

PURE FABRICATION
•    In other words, getting class concepts from a good domain model or real‐life objects won’t always work out well!

INDIRECTION
•    Goff Pattern Adapter, Bridge, Facade, Observer, and Arbitrator all accomplish it.
•    The main benefit is lower coupling.

PROTECTED VARIATIONS
•    The solution "interface" is in the general sense; But to implement the solution you often want to build an interface programming (in Java, for example)!
•    Benefits: – Easy to extend functionality at PV points – Lower coupling – Implementations can be updated without affecting clients – Reduces the impact of change
•   Similar to the concealment of open-ended theory or information (not to hide data)
•    “Novice developers tend to brittle designs, intermediate developers point to highly fancy and flexible, generalized (which is never used in any way). Expert designers choose with insights."”

Note: The above-proposed system/Assignment for OOAD has been prepared by Srinivas which I have posted here. Give your blessings to him whoever find helpful for them :)

Question
V-Process Model can be used for the development of R&D Projects

Select one:
a. I Don't Know
b. False
c. True

The correct answer is: False

Question 
Which of the following models is most appropriate for R&D oriented projects?

Select one:
a. Waterfall Model
b. Rapid protoyping
c. Incremental development
d. Research-and-Risk Model

The correct answer is: Rapid protoyping

Question 
Pick the correct statement from the following:

Select one:
a. IF uncertainty is high, THEN use incremental approach
b. IF schedule is tight THEN use evolutionary or incremental
c. IF complexity is high but uncertainty is not THEN use evolutionary approach
d. IF uncertainty and complexity both low THEN use Prototype model

The correct answer is: IF schedule is tight THEN use evolutionary or incremental

Question 
Identify the common Agile Project Management method:

Select one:
a. Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Model
b. FlexPlan Model
c. SCRUM Methodology
d. V-Process Model

The correct answer is: SCRUM Methodology

Question 
What should a project manager do or follow to ensure clear boundaries for project completion?
Select one:
a. scope definition
b. Scope verification
c. Completing a scope statement
d. Risk management plan

The correct answer is: Completing a scope statement

Question 
Project requirements continuously change, but change can be easily accommodated in a software project as per customer’s demand when:

Select one:
a. Meeting Customer Expectation is of High Priority
b. Software is written in High-Level Language which is flexible
c. Scope Change is included in the Master Contract
d. There is no impact on Schedule or Cost or Quality

The correct answer is: There is no impact on Schedule or Cost or Quality

Question
Any Project will have a set of Activities that are practical to implement:

Select one:
a. I Don't Know
b. TRUE
c. FALSE

The correct answer is: TRUE

Question 
If you were to choose one factor that significantly differentiates IT projects from non-IT projects, what would that be?

Select one:
a. Technology advances
b. Communication
c. Volatile Requirements
d. Environmental Risk

The correct answer is: Volatile Requirements

Question 
Which of the following tools of Project Management indicates who is responsible for what?

Select one:
a. Activity network chart
b. Resource levelling chart
c. Programme evaluation chart
d. Resource assignment chart

The correct answer is: Resource assignment chart

Question 
Contract Manager is also Project Manager who: (select the most appropriate answer)

Select one:
a. Manages project on behalf of the client
b. Deals with contractual terms of the out-sourced project
c. Delegates his/her responsibility to vendor organization
d. Reports project status to stakeholders in the client organization

The correct answer is: Manages project on behalf of the client